Canadian Identity

Introduction The identity of Canadians relies on certain features and codes established, ratified, and embraced for years (Morton, 1972). The major influences on the identity of Canadians started in the early 1800s. At that time, the French immigrants arrived at Acadia and the River valleys of St. Lawrence. Also, the English began colonizing Newfoundland.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These factors together with the conquest of the British and their settlement in the modern France during the 18th century resulted immensely in the development of Canadian identity. This occurred through their roles in contributing to the exploration of the region. These nations continue to have lots of influence on the identity of Canadians through their cultures and arts. There are lots of debates on the true identity of Canadians. Some people argue that Canadians do not have tr ue identity, and their identity has not yet evolved ever since 1867. However, others also believe that there is a real identity. This essay explores if lack of identity is a true phenomenon in Canada. In addition, the question of Canada’s cultural evolution since 1867 is discussed. Do Canadians have true identity? There are three important issues that conventionally surround the debate on the true identity of Canadians. The first one is the commonly disputed relationship that exists between the French and the English Canadians. This emerges from the survival of cultures as well as languages. Usually, there is also a close connection between the British Empire and the English Canadians. This results in a slow political process that completes liberalization from the imperial powers. Lastly, the English-speaking Canadians have very close ties to the economic, cultural, and military center of the U.S. (Morton, 1972). In the 20th century, there were strong cultural and political l inks to Britain. This resulted in the wave of immigrants from Europe, Africa, Asia and Caribbean. Consequently, the identity of Canadians has been reforming, and the process continues to the present, owing to the enduring arrival of several settlers whose backgrounds are neither French nor British. Therefore, multiculturalism also arises in the discussion. Multiculturalism is defined as a strategy of upholding a variety of different cultures within a community (Driedger, 1996). The government of Canada accepts people from different cultural backgrounds. However, it necessitates that the cultural practices from different communities do not affect fundamental freedoms or the customs of fellow inhabitants.Advertising Looking for essay on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies the negotiations between various cultures in most cases. It is challenging to preserve multiculturalism within a community if the ethnicities oppose and influence one another. Currently, Canada has different people with different cultures and of various nationalities. In addition, the policies of the constitution also encourage multiculturalism instead of just one national belief. There are lots of questions that are still debatable on the subject of Canadian identity. It continues to frustrate and animate not only writers and historians but also statesmen, philosophers and artists. The issue has lacked clear description, and even the quest for true Canadian identity remains a subject of self-deprecation. It could be true that Canadians do not have true identity. The people of Canada often incline to identify themselves with the community and region instead of their nation. The identity of Canadians is molded by different ethics and attitudes since the country has unlimited diversity of cultures due to its history and location. The idea of multiculturalism as well as bilingualism is very vital to the formation and develop ment of identity. These factors support and challenge Canadians as well. The interaction of various cultures and communities within Canada affects an individual. Contradicting opinions about Canada by its own people and even other nations show that indeed they lack real identity. When a citizen of Canada is asked his or her nationality, there is no clear response as an individual can answer Scottish, German or Ukrainian. The major explanation to this can be that Canadians do not identify themselves as discrete Canadians. It is important to identify a common notion that helps identify Canadian people rather than isolate them with their respective areas of origin. Instead of inclining to identification by the place or community, Canadians need to identify themselves with the nation and their country, which is Canada. There is also excessive variety of values and traditions in Canada, making it difficult for the citizens to identify themselves with one another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The present culture of Canadians has been shaped mainly by the many aboriginal cultures. They had been established before the Europeans arrived to North America. Normally, the different cultures were highly incorporated and universal, implying that their views towards politics, artistic as well as spiritual scopes of life were interconnected. These people formed a very rich part of culture in Canada that is impossible to separate. According to Penny Petrone, telling stories, which is referred to aboriginal culture, was a very important instrument for conveying artistic principles though it was not driven by the current western idea (Diakiw, 2011). There were policies of the government during the period of colonization to strip off the aboriginal immigrants of their land, theoretically to protect them by employing reserve system. However, trying to integr ate them into foreign culture through teaching initially had serious influence on aboriginal cultures. The common cultural practices as well as the local identity have been completely eroded. In some cases, these cultural practices and identity have been lost as a result of the policies of relegation, integration and de-legitimation. This completely discouraged the aboriginal people, both individually and communally. Several languages have practically vanished. In addition, a lot of cultural values and norms have been forgotten. For instance, the Beothuk of Newfoundland has completely vanished. However, the aboriginal ways of life continue to exist though they have been influenced much by the Euro-Canadian culture. However, currently, growing standards of education incorporation with political firmness, the restoration of aboriginal superiority, and regeneration of culture have tremendously increased. Many inhabitants have prioritized learning of language because they believe that t hey should make fast steps towards capturing the retentions of their elders. Inherent ceremonies that involve dances and drumming increasingly become successful, and this attracts even foreign contestants.Advertising Looking for essay on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most aborigines strive to create these customs according to the European-based systems and norms all together. This has certainly molded the modern situation. In addition, sensitivity towards ethnic rights and customs continues to rise amongst the non-aboriginals not only as expressions of autonomy but also as main aspects of the broader identity of Canadian culture. Has there been evolution of Canadian identity since 1867? Even though the subject of multiculturalism have been deciphered into the Canadian legislation as well as their policies regarding education, linguistic and institutional privileges of their provinces and clear backgrounds are hard to define. Some of the laws in Canada could be blamed for promoting multiculturalism amongst the people of Canada. For instance, in the year 1774, Quebec act was enacted in Canada. This act legally accepted the practice of Catholic religious conviction. In addition, it documented the seigniorial system in Quebec. In 1841, the union act , which acknowledged the coexistence of two different Canadian colonies, was again passed. Together with the Constitution Act of 1867, these acts promoted the values of multiculturalism (Richard, 2000). These acts defined the influences of not only the federal state but also the Canadian provinces. Therefore, the acts determined some of the important particulars of Quebec, where the majority were French Canadians. In addition, regulations that governed civil laws were established. Finally, in relation to education, which is a provincial domain, there was an act that certified public funds to promote confessional schools. The article also safeguarded the religious subgroups in Quebec. Paradoxically, this article was pressed for by the Quebec English Protestants. They were afraid that Quebec French Catholics could exceed them in number and consequently overpower them. Later, the French Catholics in other parts of Canada also tried to use the same article to protect themselves for the same reason against the English Canadians; however, they gained minimal benefits from it. According to the legislation on Quebec language, bills 22 and 101, children of certain communities, especially those of the settlers, have been forced to go to French schools, though the regulation has not yet changed the denominational organization in Montreal or even the communal aid of secluded, religious or cultural schools in Quebec. These are evidences of tries to reveal the origins of multiculturalism in Canada since different communities with different backgrounds would be allowed to integrate easily. In the long run, this resulted in unclear cultural identity of Canadians that people are unable to identify themselves with. In most cases, it is believed that Canada was founded as a state by commercial entrepreneurs and railway proprietors who wanted a central government that they could use to help them settle and exploit the nation. However, according to the others, particularly French Canadians, association was founded in order to create a new state that would be free from England. It was assumed that the two instituting groups were to live together. However, the constitutional rights and freedoms of the Catholic French Canadians who were living outside Quebec were neither stated, denied nor disregarded. In most cases, French Catholic schools have never been supported by public funds. The French was not allowed to be admitted to the communal schools, and the overall integration into the British or Anglo-Canadian domain was viewed as the only means of survival for both the settlers and the French Canadians (Bramadat Seljak, 2009). The Royal commission on multiculturalism and multiple languages revealed some of the challenges faced by the French-speaking people and other minorities in Canada in the 1960s. In the year 1969, the official languages’ act was enacted. This formally made Canada a multiple linguistic country. As a result, there were measures put f orward to allow services in the French federal administration to be conducted in different languages. By the year 1971, the government of Canada embraced the multiculturalism policy in the framework of many languages. Lastly, the 1982 constitutional act asserted some of the values of ethical differentiation. Actually, the Canadian regulation, regarding their rights and privileges, pushes forward for the right of fairness and prohibits any form of discrimination. With these historical developments, it is evident that multiculturalism was formally accepted by the government of Canada. These, however, has completely ruined the true identity of Canadians. The two approved languages of Canada were French and English. These two languages were considered to have equal power in all Canadian government institutions. In addition, the law also safeguards the rights and privileges of all the different ethnic groups to be taught in their native languages. Also, minority schools can be able to ac cess financial aid through public funds, and it affirms that it does not alter or amend any kind privileges and entitlements that are guaranteed under the Canadian charter with regard to distinct or denominational schools. However, there has been a lot of debate on how multiculturalism, which interferes with the true identity of Canadians, should really manifest itself. Some people argue that both the French and the English should have an equal chance of representation in all the languages of the community at all the stages of the federal system. This can also imply that each and every federal unit of Canadian government should have two individuals, both the French- and the English-speaking. There are also strong arguments for equal distribution of opportunities to all the ethnic communities in Canada. Such opportunities can be economic, political, social and educational. Most Canadians of French background are confident that multiple cultures identify their uniqueness and their pri vileges, while other people believe it is not true since the US took over from the British. Some of the French Canadian inhabitants also appreciate that languages are important as this promotes cultural rights and privileges. Nonetheless, the English-speaking Canadians hold a contradictory opinion towards multiculturalism. According to them, the main language of Canada should be English. Currently, several Canadian immigrants would agree that Canada should be an English-speaking nation. They also claim that the relationship between Canadians and Americans should be promoted since the two nations have common cultural practices and also due to the economic progress of the United States. There are some Canadians who oppose against multiculturalism idea so because they believe it compromises their true identity (Bramadat Seljak, 2009). The first people that inhabited Canada also stress that they have not been involved in the politics as well as the social aspects of the country. As suc h, it is possible to conclude their native languages and culture have not been incorporated into the Canadian identity. At the same time, the French-speaking Canadians are also against multiculturalism policy as they deliberate that it does not identify their identity. The identity of Canadians is characterized by so many different cultures and practices. Multiculturalism has been embraced and plays a very important role in the development and formation of identity. After World War II, the policies that support multiculturalism in Canada have been embraced and become effective in attracting several cultural practices in the country. Contrary to other nations, the acceptance of multiculturalism has been very successful in Canada. Actually, the current Canadian policies with regard to multiculturalism have loosened over the years. Policies that are implemented are geared towards integration rather than discrimination (Resnick, 2005).. Before the close of the Second World War in 1945, there was a settlement in Canada, particularly by Germans, Chinese, Indians and Japanese. The government of Canada anticipated for its main policy on settlement into Canada in 1885. For instance, the ‘Chinese Head Tax’ regulation was enacted to screen the devastating number of the Chinese settled down in Canada. According to this new regulation, the Chinese settlers were obliged to pay some fee to get into the country. In 1904, this fee, which had been 50 dollars, increased immensely to 500 dollars. Ten years after, another unfair act was articulated directed at Indian settlers. All the 376 immigrants who had genuine British passports were not allowed to enter Canada. Those could be viewed as attempts by Canadian government to discourage immigrants to come to the country. Statistics of the general social survey of Canada conducted between 1982 and 2001 revealed that above 40% of the Canada arrivals had their own unique religions as compared to the aboriginal settlers in Canada who constituted 2% of the total population. One of the fastest developing religions in Canada was Islam. One could easily draw to a conclusion that immigration in Canada resulted in Canada becoming more religion-oriented. This makes it very vital for Canada to safeguard and maintain the multicultural traditions on its people. Even though several cultural practices have been emerging in Canada, protection of the traditions that had already existed must have been practiced (Schwartz, 1967). Cultural nationalism is term used to mean protection and support of any kind in terms of Canadian culture. If the Canadian government offers more support to the immigrants with regard to the development of the culture, it will definitely become more creative in advancing a unique culture. However, if the government does not control the ethnic practices in Canada, multiculturalism will continue to destroy the true identity of Canadians. Strong nations that surround Canada like the USA will c ontinue influencing the Canadian culture since they want to promote their culture within Canada as well. It is the fundamental role of the government to develop and protect its own culture. This will result in a distinctive culture that will facilitate the formation and development of Canadian identity. Conclusion In conclusion, it is true that Canada is influenced by stronger nations around them, especially the United States, Great Britain and France. As a result, their language and Canadian cultural practices used to identify them are difficult to recognize. Some people believe that there are still cultural practices that could be used to identify Canada. However, from Canadian history and their legislations, it is evident that their ethnic practices have incorporated so many different cultures. This makes it difficult to identify the true identity of Canadians. It is vital for Canada to develop, promote and preserve its own culture since this will give Canadians some sense of pat riotism. Promoting and preserving culture will not only help bring the people of Canada together but will also give them something they can hold and relate to. This is important in Canada since it has a relatively small population as compared to the rest countries of the same size. Therefore, many different cultures could come from other nations. The result can be a complete loss of true Canadian identity. References Bramadat, P. Seljak, D. (2009). Multiculturalism in Canada. Toronto. University of Toronto Press. Diakiw, J. (2011). Canadian Culture and National Identity: The School’s Role in Debating and Discussing the Roots of our National Identity. Munich: Grin Verlag Driedger, L. (1996). Multi-ethnic Canada: identities and inequalities. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Morton, W. (1972). The Canadian Identity. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. Resnick, P. (2005). The European roots of Canadian identity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Richard, J. (2000) . Multiculturalism and the History of Canadian Diversity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Schwartz, M. (1967). Public Opinion and Canadian Identity. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press This essay on Canadian Identity was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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What Does it Mean to be a Capitalist Economy †Political Science Essay

What Does it Mean to be a Capitalist Economy – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers What Does it Mean to be a Capitalist Economy Political Science Essay Capitalism is defined as an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately owned, and capital is invested in the production, distribution, and other trade of goods and services, for profit in a competitive free market. The concept of â€Å"classical† capitalism is said to have emerged in the late 18th century. â€Å"The classical, political economists: Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, John Stuart Mill, and David Ricardo published analyses of the production, distribution, and exchange of goods in a capitalist economy that have since formed the basis of study for most contemporary economists.† from J. K. Galbraith’s American Capitalism In a capitalist economy, privately owned corporations and businesses control the entire economy. This is probably this most popular economic view, a small farmer can buy his neighbor’s small farm for a set amount of money, and buy his neighbor’s neighbor’s small farm, and so on. Eventually the farmer can buy out all of his surrounding farms and create a monopoly. A monopoly is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. Monopolies are normally characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitutable goods. There are laws in the United States regulating the creation of monopolies in an attempt to keep the free market fair. The barriers for business or organizations to become a monopoly are great. There are two acts in the United States that have attempted to prevent, or slow down potential monopolies: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Clayto n Act. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first U.S. federal government action to limit monopolies. It was enacted on July 2, 1890. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act was enacted in 1914 to remedy deficiencies in antitrust law created under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act that allowed corporations to dissolve labor unions. The Clayton Act filled in the gaps of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by preventing price discriminations, and from people being involved in two competing organizations. With these laws in place in the American law system it is unlawful for any one company to gain control of all its competitors and become one corporate â€Å"giant†. The nons of this would be cable television, phone, and electricity. These examples are sometimes able to charge higher fees because they are the only company in that field available to you, but because they are considered a utility, they are not a monopoly. The price of gas is another example. When there is a situation in the Middle East, the price of gas seems to go up. The reason we are given is, because it is costing us more to get the product out of the Middle East. The problem with that explanation is that only about 15% of the nations gas consumption is from foreign sources, majority of our resource is domestic. The reason gas prices go up is because we no longer have the option of the getting the cheaper Middle Eastern gas, and can now be gorged by our domestic companies. Capitalism, inevitably, results in unequal wealth distribution. In actual practice it appears that as the ranks of the wealthy grow the ranks of the poor also increase. At least that seems to be what is happening in the United States. It also appears that wherever there are great disparities of wealth in an area crime increases dramatically. Another negative result of unrestrained capitalism is that the wealthy have little need to spend all of their wealth, so that they keep a great deal of the total wealth of the country invested and growing more family fortunes. As a result they can send their children to better schools getting better educations, and creating an ever-increasing gap between classes. The poor have more need to spend all of their income on the necessities, therefore can save little and accumulate little or no capital growth. In a capitalist society the wealthy have disproportionate power to influence legislation which inevitably favors themselves, often at the expens e of the less affluent. This also, all too often, results in the corruption of government officials, and increase of white-collar crime. Although the wealthy provide the means of developing the natural resources of a nation, they often contribute mightily to its pollution and degradation. I think it could be argued that the streams and forests and minerals of the country ought to belong to all of its citizens, not the wealthy who gain access to strip mine and deforest or drill at the expense of an environment that we all share. Even though we may concede that capitalism is the most successful among the economic systems, we must recognize that it is not without negative aspects or that there is no room for improvements. The smug American attitude which assumes that we excel at everything overlooks areas in which we might benefit by studying how someone else does things. The complexity and chaos of a health care system which leaves 45 million citizens to the mercy of emergency room treatment for minor ailments, which costs the taxpayers a higher percentage of gross national income than any other nation, might well benefit by adapting some of the methods of those countries which cover all of their citizens with lower costs and better results. Socialist and communist countries have often outstripped us in such areas as education and health care, and it makes sense that we ought to imitate whatever aspect of their successes would prove advantageous to ourselves. We first need to acknowledge that there is room f or improvement in our still imperfect society. The nons of this would be cable television, phone, and electricity. These examples are sometimes able to charge higher fees because they are the only company in that field available to you, but because they are considered a utility, they are not a monopoly. The price of gas is another example. When there is a situation in the Middle East, the price of gas seems to go up. The reason we are given is because it is costing us more to get the product out of the Middle East. The problem I have with that explanation is that only about 15% of the nations gas consumption is from foreign sources, majority of our resource is domestic. The reason gas prices go up is because we no longer have the option of the getting the cheaper Middle East gas, and can now be gorged by our domestic companies. Capitalism inevitably results in unequal wealth distribution. In actual practice it appears that as the ranks of the wealthy grow the ranks of the poor also increase. At least that seems to be what is happening in the United States. It also appears that wherever there are great disparities of wealth in an area crime increases dramatically. Another negative result of unrestrained capitalism is that the wealthy have little need to spend all of their wealth, so that they keep a great deal of the total wealth of the country invested and growing more family fortunes. As a result they can send their children to better schools getting better educations, and creating an ever-increasing gap between classes. The poor have more need to spend all of their income on the necessities, therefore can save little and accumulate little or no capital growth. In a capitalist society the wealthy have disproportionate power to influence legislation which inevitably favors themselves, often at the expense of the less affluent. This also, all too often, results in the corruption of government officials, and increase of white-collar crime. Although the wealthy provide the means of developing the natural resources of a nation, they often contribute mightily to its pollution and degradation. I think it could be argued that the streams and forests and minerals of the country ought to belong to all of its citizens, not the wealthy who gain access to strip mine and deforest or drill at the expense of an environment that we all share. Even though we may concede that capitalism is the most successful among the economic systems, we must recognize that it is not without negative aspects or that there is no room for improvements. The smug American attitude which assumes that we excel at everything overlooks areas in which we might benefit by studying how someone else does things. The complexity and chaos of a health care system which leaves 45 million citizens to the mercy of emergency room treatment for minor ailments, which costs the taxpayers a higher percentage of gross national income than any other nation, might well benefit by adapting some of the methods of those countries which cover all of their citizens with lower costs and better results. Socialist and communist countries have often outstripped us in such areas as education and health care, and it makes sense that we ought to imitate whatever aspect of their successes would prove advantageous to ourselves. We first need to acknowledge that there is room f or improvement in our still imperfect society. My final view on capitalism is that in a country, the United States, which promotes all types of equality, uses an economic system that promotes economic inequality. I say that because within modern market economies is because wages are determined by a market, and are hence influenced by supply and demand. In this view, inequality is caused by the differences in the supply and demand for different types of work. Also capitalism can lead to a type of government known as Imperialism. â€Å"Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires. This is either through direct territorial conquest or settlement, or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of these other entities. The term is often used to describe the policy of a nations dominance over distant lands, regardless of whether the nation considers itself part of the empire.† –Wikipedia’s definition of Imperialism. . 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E-Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

E-Supply Chain Management - Essay Example More and more firms accelerate to implement their supply chains in a web-based manner in an effort to lower their operating costs and attain a fast response to the market condition changes. However, this framework considers primarily two factors of the organizational ability to integrate their external partners and the complexity of operation, which are natural in a market-centric economy. In a transitional economy where a centrally planned economy moves toward that of a free market, the government influence is a factor that cannot be ignored. Another important factor is the information asymmetry that will be discussed later. The organizational ability to integrate with their external partners is the common factor used in both frameworks. We use the information asymmetry instead of the complexity of operations and the new factor of government influence. (Panta, 2003, 205) Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK Ltd is one among many Japanese automotive manufacturers which lays claim to be at the forefront of these new specific developments in customer-supplier relationships (see for instance Mair, 1994; Wickens, 1987). Toyota now has 210 suppliers in 11 European countries, of which 50 per cent (by value and number) are UK-based. As production moves up to the projected full capacity of 225,000 units per year, the value of the supply chain is estimated to reach 880 million by 1999. Toyota Motor Company, with its emphasis on lean production, efficiency and quality, is seen by many to be an exemplary model of best practice for other firms to follow. Firms joining the Toyota supply chain will fully expect to become converts to the Toyota production method and the social demands of obligational contracting ways (Winfield and Kerrin, 1996). Customer influence examined The influence of a major customer on a supplier can and does have far-reaching measurable effects. Harland (1996) draws attention to the importance of the "softer" behavioural features of supplier-customer relationships, such as the attitudes, expectations and perceptions held by both parties, which can have profound implications for the actual success of the partnership. He also suggests rather tantalizingly that these changed behaviours within the contracting partnership can have direct effects on other aspects of organization-wide behaviour within the supply firm. Toyota claims in particular to encourage close partnering with suppliers; extending even to encouraging suppliers to participate in parts design (Ohno, 1988). Toyota will even offer advice and financial assistance to its suppliers who need to upgrade their production to meet the demands of quality and the JIT manufacturing system. Help is also freely given with the design of training and with management development programmes. All this takes place within the social boundaries of frequent company visits, an atmosphere of long-term trust and of a partnership based on mutual prosperity. In selecting suppliers, Toyota places emphasis not simply on product quality and future ability to meet the just-in-time production demands; but also it seems, on more subtle cognitive and social variables. These

What protection is afforded to beneficial co-owners of property in Essay

What protection is afforded to beneficial co-owners of property in situations where the trustees or third parties apply to a court for an order to sell land which is subject to a trust of land - Essay Example The law of co-ownership operates whenever two or more people enjoy the rights of ownership of property at the same time, either freehold or leasehold. The law of co-ownership is to be found in the 1925 legislation (LPA 1925), common law, and TLATA 1996. The law of co-ownership can be broken down into various components, first being the nature of co-ownership and types of co-ownership, Secondly, there is the statutory machinery that regulates the use and enjoyment of co-owned land, thirdly, there are those statutory and common law rules governing the creation of co-ownership, fourthly, there is the impact of co-ownership on third parties, fifthly, there are matters relating to the termination of co-ownership. 1 The concurrent co-ownership of property describes the simultaneous enjoyment of land by two or more persons i.e. enjoyment of the rights of ownership by two or more persons at the same time. Co-ownership since 1 January 1926 will either be by way of a â€Å"joint tenancy† or a â€Å"tenancy in common†.2 In a joint tenancy, each co-owner is treated as being entitled to the whole of that land. There are no distinct â€Å"shares†, and no single co-owner can claim any greater right over any part of the land than other. As far as the rest of the world is concerned, the land is treated as if it is owned by one person only and all the joint tenants share in that one ownership. In practical terms, this means that, when land is subject to a joint tenancy, there is only one formal title to it, and that title is owned jointly by all the joint tenants. Moreover, if the land is registered, there will be but one title registered at HM Land Registry, with each co-owner registered as proprietor of that title in the proprietorship section of the register. If the land is unregistered, there will be but one set of title deeds, specifying the four owners.3 It is pertinent to mention here that prior to 1st January

E gov Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E gov - Case Study Example he effect of the established water projects in people’s lives, demonstrate institutional failures and corruption of Thar government and how they have led to distrust in the public and my opinion to reduce such occurrences. Decrease of monsoon rainfall is caused by Arabian Sea that branch north of Cambay gulf resulting in extreme drought conditions in Thar Desert, unexpected change of air currents, and the dry air of Sind. Karakilcik and Kalyar (2014) argue that deflection of air currents to the east in Arabian Sea is increasing causing the air to move east and southeast. As a result, the rain bearing wind reaches south-west of Arabia and marks the end of monsoon rainfall. This has caused increasingly drought conditions in Thar Desert. Thar Desert in south East Pakistan has been suffering from extreme drought conditions for a period of three years. Jillian (2015) notes that Tharparkar region is the most neglected areas in Pakistan. Lack of proper rain for the last three years has affected people and livestock greatly. An interview with one of the residents of Thar parkar region in Pakistan indicates that drought has left nothing edible for people and livestock. Halepoto (2012) indicates that 90% of the agricultural land has perished due to inadequate water. Human beings are suffering. Reports from the local doctors and hospitals indicate that children are the most affected due to malnutrition and premature births. Despite the increased efforts by the government to get the people of Pakistan from crisis, the continuous increase in drought is dragging their efforts (Halepoto, 2012). Water borne diseases from saline water and malnutrition have caused increased number of infant deaths. In search of greener pastures, thousands of people migrate to the nearby farming districts close to River Indus (Poonia and Rao, 2013). Trained Health care workers are migrating to big cities, such as Karachi to look for employment (Halepoto, 2012). There is also no continuity in

Globalization Barcelona Renovation

Globalization Barcelona Renovation Although many cities around the world witness the triumphs and failures of globalization in all aspects of life, Barcelona has truly been a success story. Although Barcelona is a dense city confined by the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, it has grown to be a commercial, industrial and tourism superpower in Europe. The benefits of globalization are apparent in the dynamic metropolitan area of Barcelona, a model used for urban design and renovation of cities throughout the world. Globalization has become an inevitable progression over time, and Barcelona has embraced its ongoing growth by constructively planning for the future. The metropolitan area of Barcelona has become a center for trade, industry, commerce and tourism, with almost four million residents. To prepare for the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, the city went through drastic transformations in urban development with hopes of becoming one of Europes economic superpowers. Now, Barcelona is becoming an exemplar city for its style and synthesis of urban design and innovation. Projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona, an efficient infrastructure organization, the refurbishment of city beaches and port areas, the construction of pleasing and practical public spaces, the melting pot of world cultures and other revitalization plans have helped globalize Barcelona and make it the â€Å"capital of the Mediterranean† (Rossi). One project helping Barcelona continue to globalize and expand its knowledge is the [emailprotected] Barcelona innovation district. In the area of Poblenou, a neighborhood that was once occupied entirely by industrial buildings and factories, a complete transformation is underway to recreate 115 blocks of â€Å"modern spaces for the strategic concentration of intensive knowledge-based activities† (â€Å"Presentation†). Two hundred hectares of land in Poblenou will be renovated in order to allow for more living, working and learning spaces. According to the [emailprotected] Barcelona website, 53% of the neighborhood has begun transformation and many new companies are relocating their businesses to the new knowledge hub of the city. â€Å"The [emailprotected] project has likewise been warmly received, according to a research carried out by the University of Barcelona in June 2007, by the business community: 925 firms have already established in the [emailprotected] district or are in the process of building their corporate HQs there. More than 50% of the companies that have moved to the [emailprotected] district since 2001 belong to one of the four strategic [emailprotected] sectors: media, ITC, MedTech or energy† (â€Å"Current State†). The area of Poblenou has a designated â‚ ¬180 million in public investment, which will give the neighborhood access to innovative technology still nonexistent in many other globalizing cities. Green spaces, digital districts and tight-knit communities of buildings are just some of the inventive concepts that are being developed in Poblenou. Once the urban, economic and social renovations have been completed, the neighborhood will be transformed into a modern, unique environment for all aspects of daily life (â€Å"Presentation†). Like the neighborhood of Poblenou, Barcelonas infrastructure is constantly being upgraded and expanded. For example, Plaà §a de les Glà ²ries Catalanes is being completely reconstructed to include an underground train station, which will rival Plaza Cataluà ±a as a popular transportation center in the city. The fundamental structure of Barcelona includes a group of efficient transportation elements, including metro systems, airport expansions, sewage improvements, bus routes, highways and railroads. Barcelona has such a well-organized, logical setup for its infrastructure throughout the city, making the city once again a prototype for urban design which other cities have proposed to duplicate. â€Å"One of Barcelonas more outstanding characteristics is that its port, airport, railroad terminal for goods, highway networks and huge logistics area are all activities set in the same geographical space. This makes Barcelona highly internationalised, occupying a strategic position in t he world-wide transport network, and a key hub for trade with Asia† (Alarcon). The infrastructure in Barcelona is an important benefit of globalization because it organizes transportation to save time and avoid congestion of persons. Unlike other cities, Barcelona has public transportation centers on almost every block, whether it includes buses, metros, ferrocarrils or tunnels. This accessibility is imperative for residents, visitors and all people traveling through Barcelona because the infrastructure is time efficient and uncomplicated. Many other cities around the world would benefit from examining Barcelonas infrastructure design, which is frequently being revamped to keep up with the changes brought about by globalization and the needs of the people. Of all the renovations completed in Barcelona, the restoration of city beaches and the enlargement of port areas have helped increase tourism and turn the eyes of the people back to the sea. Huge additions to the port have been made including: a new bridge to facilitate transportation of trucks carrying cargo, extending piers to allow for more cargo ships to dock, and the destruction of industrial buildings along the beach to once again make the sea an attraction. â€Å"The past 10 years have seen a huge transformation of both port and city, as the municipal government sought to develop Barcelonas holiday and pleasure sailing reputation in tandem with traditional commercial activities. The boom in Barcelonas commercial centres has both invigorated (and itself been further promoted) with the desire to revise the citys maritime traditions† (Alarcon). Port Olympic and the Maremagnum marina are new economic hotspots near the beach, which appeal to both residents and tourists with restaurants, bars, an aquarium and movie theaters. The port, one of Barcelonas most essential places for trade, is in the process of extending its piers to increase the frequency of trade and tourism by building more docking areas for cargo boats and cruise liners. The beaches are one of Barcelonas main attractions, which have been nearly restored to their original beauty without the deterring industrial buildings that once lined the shore. These transformations, which have been underway or completed since 1992, have increased tourism and productivity of trade in Barcelona. Both of these aspects of globalization are extremely important to the city so that it can grow and attract more investors. The innovative additions to the beach and port areas will benefit Barcelonas economy, tourism and their position in the world market. If improving the coastline will help attract more tourists to the beach, improving public spaces, park areas and dilapidated buildings will help attract more residents to the city. Globalization has led Barcelona to realize its confinement between the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, leaving a highly dense population situated in-between that continues to grow. For that reason, the Barcelona model had planned for inevitable expansion of the city. Instead of spreading further out into the suburbs like most cities, Barcelona began the â€Å"layered multiple use† of land to build vertically opposed to horizontally (Rossi). â€Å"Across the city, parks spread out atop new highway tunnels. Parking lots hide under squares. Seventeenth-century convents are turned into libraries and cultural centers, palaces are transformed into hotels, museums sprout from former textile factories† (Rossi). Every inch of land in Barcelona has a purpose, and the city is praised for its abilit y to find the problems that exist in decaying buildings or empty spaces and repair them to make the area more eye-catching. For example, the area of El Raval was always known for its immigrant population, drug deals and prostitutes. After careful planning by the city to create a rambla in the center, add more squares throughout the neighborhood, and build the Centre de Cultura Contemporà  nia de Barcelona (CCCB), restaurants, businesses and people all want to buy space in El Raval. Besides making Barcelona more beautiful, these ongoing changes have also made the city more well-organized and useful. Cranes and angle cutters can be seen and heard throughout Barcelona, which is just a reminder that the city is working hard to keep Barcelona up-to-date with globalization needs and a constantly growing population. As the population in Barcelona increases, it is easy to see the mix of colors, races and languages that have become commonplace in this international city. For almost a century between 1850 and 1950, Spain was mainly an emigrating nation. Approximately 3.5 million people, especially temporary workers, emigrated to Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay and Brazil. However, in the late 1980s Spain became a country of immigration due to â€Å"the end of guest worker programs, the closing of the borders of traditional receiving countries, such as Germany, Switzerland, and France, the political evolution from authoritarian regimes, their proximity to the sending countries in the Maghreb, and the intense historical and economic bonds between both shores of the Mediterranean† (Ortega Pà ©rez). In 1999, the foreign-born population was 2.09% (89,744 people), but by 2005, the number of foreign inhabitants had increased to 11.13% with 531,040 people (Roca Cladera). Neighborhoods like El Raval are ho me to large numbers of immigrants, especially those from North Africa, Pakistan and Muslim communities. Projects such as the Universal Forum of Cultures, which promote human rights, cultural diversity and peace, have been established to accommodate the melting pot of cultures in the international community. â€Å"In order to promote a culturally diverse society, a series of policies have been deployed to fight the poverty and social exclusion that often go hand in hand with immigration, provide the resources required for the development of different communities in Catalonia, and, above all, encourage intercultural encounters† (Lachmann). Although Barcelona has struggled with racism and discrimination against immigrant communities, globalization has made Spain, and especially Catalonia, a desirable destination for immigrants from around the globe. The city boasts hundreds of restaurants with cuisines from every country, places for prayer for numerous religions, and cultural ce nters for the integration of immigrants. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected due to globalization and the ease of travel, immigration populations will continue to rise. Barcelona has dealt with the inevitable process of globalization by paying attention to details throughout the city, by maintaining what already exists and building what is needed for the future. From protecting the historical significance of a park bench to lining a lackluster street with palm trees, every corner in the city has been touched by globalization and yet still continues to function properly and look good. Barcelonas urban design has been used as a model for city development around the globe, due to its comprehensive planning and meticulous attention to every element of the city. According to architect Lord Richard Rogers, â€Å"Barcelona is the jewel of the crown of urban regeneration† (Rossi). Globalization has been an amazing benefit to Barcelona, because of its ability to keep up with the ever-changing, constantly growing needs of a metropolitan city. As a model for urban development and design, Barcelona has been praised for its ability to keep pace with the process of globalization, by revitalizing areas around the city and integrating them together into one functional community. The intensification of Barcelonas infrastructure development as well as the multi-layered use for expansion has helped the city to globalize, while affectively using every piece of available land for a planned residential development, park, square or office building. Without the benefit of globalization that has changed Barcelonas reputation from a run-down port town to a innovative model for designing and renovating cities, projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona would be inconceivable and difficult to achieve. Barcelona has become a meeting place for cultures from around the world, as well as an immigration magnet for people from North Africa, South America and other emigrating nations. The new enticement created by port and beach renovations that were completed for the 1992 Olympic Games have increased tourism and turned the eyes of the city back to the Mediterranean Sea. Only time can tell how Barcelona will progress in the international spectrum of globalization, but the modern revitalization of the city has been an immense benefit for Barcelona, its visitors, and its people. Works Cited Alarcon, Jose. â€Å"Barcelonas port goes for massive growth.† International Market News. 01 Mar 2001. Trade Development Council. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Current State.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Lachmann, Joseph. â€Å"The Universal Forum of Cultures considers immigration as a source of social enrichment.† 09 Aug 2004. Herald Tribe. 7 Dec 2007 . Muenz, Rainer. â€Å"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005.† Feature Story. June 2006. Migration Policy Institute. 7 Dec 2007 . Ortega Pà ©rez, Nieves. â€Å"Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy.† Country Profiles. Feb 2003. Migration Policy Institute. 10 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Preamble.† Mobility pact. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Presentation.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Roca Cladera, Josep. â€Å"Residential mobility and foreign immigration settlement in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona.† Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference. 7 Dec 2007 . Rossi, Melissa. â€Å"The Barcelona Model.† IES Barcelona. 02 Feb 2004. IES Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 .

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching T

My Philosophy of Education TEACHER ROLES: I believe that the teacher of elementary students has many roles. I will sometimes be a facilitator-guide, sometimes a supportive, nurturing mother-like figure, and sometimes a sage who imparts knowledge. I will encourage my students to become more self-aware and self-managing. I believe that elementary school teachers must focus significant classroom time on the acquisition of social and community skills such as mutual respect, cooperation, friendship-building skills, and kindness. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT: In order to be prepared for our rapidly changing, global society, children must begin early to learn how to think critically and to question. I will plan a curriculum which demands my students to analyze and to judge, especially in the disciplines of writing, social studies, and science. MOTIVATION: I believe that teaching and learning are creative and very social. In order for classroom learning to take place at all, there must exist in the community a sense of order and rules. In order for order to exist, students must learn to become self-managers. I will need to convince my students that it is in their best interest to behave appropriately. I will need to convince them that good things will immediately happen to them if they make good behavior choices. In addition to motivation toward good behavior, I will often need to help motivate my students in their pursuit of learning. Providing motivation and persuasion are crit...